An extraordinarily large number and wide variety of materials are available to aerospace engineers to construct aircraft. It is estimated that there are more than 120 000 materials from which an aerospace engineer can choose the materials for the airframe and engine. This includes many types of metals (over 65 000), plastics (over 15 000),… Continue reading Introducing the main types of aerospace materials
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Understanding aerospace materials
Advanced materials have an important role in improving the structural efficiency of aircraft and the propulsion efficiency of jet engines. The properties of materials that are important to aircraft include their physical properties (e.g. density), mechanical properties (e.g. stiffness, strength and toughness), chemical properties (e.g. corrosion and oxidation), thermal properties (e.g. heat capacity, thermal conductivity)… Continue reading Understanding aerospace materials
The Importance of Aerospace Materials
The importance of materials science and technology in aerospace engineering cannot be overstated. The materials used in airframe structures and in jet engine components are critical to the successful design, construction, certification, operation and maintenance of aircraft. Materials have an impact through the entire life cycle of aircraft, from the initial design phase through to… Continue reading The Importance of Aerospace Materials
Moving-average processes
A finite-order moving-average process of order q, denoted by MA(q), can be expressed as where random variables are white noise, with and . These variables play the role of random shocks and drive the process. It is fairly easy to see that the process is weakly stationary. A first observation is that expected value and variance are constant: The calculation of… Continue reading Moving-average processes
Relevant research
In the name of detached research, keeping away from the ‘brute realities of politics’ has made behaviouralism irrelevant. In an era of social upheavals and conflicts, fear and anxiety, if the political scientist was aloof and carrying out detached research and analysis, what use was political science to society? Post-behaviouralism insists on socially and politically… Continue reading Relevant research
Change orientation
Behaviouralism was charged with being an ‘ideology of social conservatism tempered by modest incremental change’. Post-behaviouralism advocates change orientation and reform over preservation.
Post-behaviouralism
The behavioural approach came under criticism by many political theorists for neglecting theory-building and even political science. Political philosophers such as Strauss argued that the behavioural approach was symptomatic of the crisis in political theory because it neglected normative issues. By the late 1960s, a Caucus for New Political Science developed within the America Political… Continue reading Post-behaviouralism
Post-behaviouralism
The behavioural approach came under criticism by many political theorists for neglecting theory-building and even political science. Political philosophers such as Strauss argued that the behavioural approach was symptomatic of the crisis in political theory because it neglected normative issues. By the late 1960s, a Caucus for New Political Science developed within the America Political… Continue reading Post-behaviouralism
Elements of Behavioural Analysis in Kautilya, Machiavelli and Hobbes
We may mention here that the history of political thought within the traditional fold also contains elements of behavioural analysis. Kautilya, Machiavelli, Hobbes and Bentham have contributed in this direction. Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarian creed of pain and pleasure, for example, drives from human nature. Kautilya’s Arthashastra presents a very pragmatic view of statecraft and administration. His analysis… Continue reading Elements of Behavioural Analysis in Kautilya, Machiavelli and Hobbes
Revolution in methods and techniques of political enquiry
If causal theory, or theory based on the cause–effect relationship, and not value theory is the aim of the behavioural approach, its method and techniques must provide for the collection of data, and its verification and analysis, so that empirically verifiable propositions can be made. Towards this end, scientific techniques and methods of data collection,… Continue reading Revolution in methods and techniques of political enquiry