Category: Cement

At present, Ordinary Portland Cement is available in three different grades in India as 33-grade (IS: 269–1989), 43-Grade (IS: 8112–1989) and 53-grade (IS: 12269–1987). The numbers 33, 43 and 53 correspond to the 28-day compressive strength of cement-mortar as 33 MPa, 43 MPa and 53 MPa. The strengths are obtained from standard tests on cement–sand… Continue reading GRADES OF ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT

1. High Alumina Cement It is the cement obtained by grinding high alumina clinker. This has a long initial setting time, high ultimate strength, high resistance to the action of acids and high temperature. This cement is used for furnace insulation, refractory concrete and for special structures which require imperviousness and corrosion resistance. 2. Masonry… Continue reading Other Types of Cements

Types of Portland Cement Code (IS: 456:2000) permits the use of the following Portland cement for a specific work: 1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Ordinary Portland Cement of grades 33, 43 and 53 are permitted. Only these cements are most commonly used in general concrete construction. 2. Rapid Hardening Portland Cement (RHPC) This cement conforms… Continue reading TYPES OF CEMENTS AND THEIR USES

The main constituents in the manufacture of cement, as discussed earlier, are lime, silica, alumina and iron oxide (Table 6.1). These oxides interact with one another in the kiln at a high temperature, and more complex compounds are formed. The relative proportions of these oxides are fully responsible for the various properties of cement, rate… Continue reading CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND HARDENING OF CEMENT

In the dry process, the raw materials are crushed dry, and the correct proportion of the materials is fed into a grinding mill. In the grinding mill, they are dried and finely powdered. The dry powder is then blended and corrected for its right composition and then mixed again by means of compressed air. The… Continue reading Dry Process

Limestone is first crushed to small pieces. Then it is taken to a ball mill or a tube mill and mixed with clay or shale. Ball mill is in the form of a steel cylinder of about 2 m diameter and length about 2 m. It is positioned in a horizontal position and rotates in… Continue reading Wet Process

Cement factories are to be set up in areas where raw materials, viz., limestone or chalk and shale or clay are abundantly available. It should have adequate transport facilities like road, rail, etc., for easy transport of the finished products. Further, adequate water and power should be available to run the industry without any interruption… Continue reading MANUFACTURING OF ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT

Cement factories are to be set up in areas where raw materials, viz., limestone or chalk and shale or clay are abundantly available. It should have adequate transport facilities like road, rail, etc., for easy transport of the finished products. Further, adequate water and power should be available to run the industry without any interruption… Continue reading MANUFACTURING OF ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT

Loss on ignition and insoluble residue are the two chemical properties of cement. 1. Loss of Ignition Due to the ignition of cement at a high temperature, loss in weight occurs due to the evaporation of moisture and carbon dioxide, which are present in combination with free lime or magnesia. Loss in weight is a… Continue reading Chemical Properties of Portland Cement

1. Fineness Fineness of cement is a measure of the size of particles of the cement. It is expressed as the specific surface of cement. It is an important factor to decide the rate of gain of strength and uniformity. In general, finer the grains higher the surface area. The rate of hydration will be… Continue reading Physical Properties of Portland Cement