Category: Essential Services in Buildings

Nearly 75% of the water supplied returns back in the form of wastewater. As there is a need for water supply system, there is an equal necessity to dispose the wastewater. The night-soil and urinary content of domestic sewage (originating from residential areas) consists of potentially most dangerous organisms. Such organisms are responsible for the… Continue reading Need for Treatment of Sewage

Wastewaters coming from kitchen sink, washbasins and urinals are not containing any solid matter. But sewage a solid material has to be treated such that it also could be converted as a wastewater.

Two main types of pipes are Galvanised-iron (GI) pipes and unplasticised Poly-vinyl chloride (UPVC) pipes. If the quality of water running through the pipe is good, and the pipes are buried GI pipes are excellent. These pipes are available in three grades, viz., A, B and C. Class C is the pipe meant for heavy duty and is cosliest of all. Grade B pipes are… Continue reading Materials of Water Pipes

Most of the fittings which are to be used for the water supply are standardised. Some of the fittings which are routinely used in residential water supply are discussed below. 1. Stop Valves These are fixed in an accessible place for each outlet such as washbasins, water closets, etc., to control and facilitate repair. 2.… Continue reading Water Supply Fittings and Fixtures

Water distribution system needed for a conventional residential building depends on the following aspects: 1. Estimation of Water Requirement As per Indian code recommendation (IS: 1172–1983 and SP 57–1993) for residences, 135 l of water per head per day to be used for the design of water supply system. The details of the daily consumption is given… Continue reading Design of Water Distribution System

In villages and in some towns where municipal water supply is not available, water is obtained from private wells. In such places, usually the water is pumped up to an elevated storage tank from where the distribution to the building is carried out. In large towns and cities, municipal water, after due treatment, is available… Continue reading WATER SUPPLY

The following factors are to be considered while designing plumbing services to buildings:

Following are the terms to which a civil engineer should be familiar in connection with plumbing services. 1. Plumbing or Plumbing System It is a general term encompassing the entire design practice, material and fixtures used in the installation and maintenance of all main fixtures and other appurtenances used in connection with water supply systems… Continue reading Plumbing Terms

Plumbing services is the entire system of piping, fixtures, applications, etc., for providing water supply or drainage to a building or premises. A plumbing water supply system consists of water supply and distribution with the use of pipes, control valves, pipe layout, storage tanks, etc. A plumbing drainage system consists of collection and disposal of… Continue reading PLUMBING SERVICES

Essential elements for the human beings to live in a house with a minimum comfort are water supply, drainage arrangements and electrical power supply. Biologically, water is required for the human beings for the satisfactory performance of physiological organisms, as a circulatory fluid, as a carrier of nourishing food and for the removal of products… Continue reading INTRODUCTION