Author: Saim Khalid
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What is STLC and What are the different phases of STLC?
STLC is an important process that provides a simple approach to testing through the step-by-step process to verify whether the Software Quality meets to the expectations or not. There are the six major phases of the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) in which we are discussing here in detail.
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What are the Different Types of Software Testing?
There are many ways to test software. Some Types of Software Testing are conducted by software developers while some are conducted by specialized quality assurance staff. Here are the different types of software testing with brief descriptions for each.
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What is Software Testing and Why is it important?
Software Testing is a process of verifying and validating whether the Software Product or Application is working as expected or not. The complete testing includes identifying errors and bugs that cause future problems for the performance of an application. Testing is important because it helps deliver a high-quality product, reduces risks, and ensures a good user experience in the development…
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Limitations of Equations and Errors
The precision of the reserve calculations by the volumetric method depends on the accuracy of the data that enter the computations. The precision of the initial gas in place depends on the probable errors in the averages of the porosity, connate water, pressure, and gas deviation factor and in the error in the determination of…
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Abnormally Pressured Gas Reservoirs
Normal pressure gradients observed in gas reservoirs are in the range of 0.4 to 0.5 psi per foot of depth. Reservoirs with abnormal pressures may have gradients as high as 0.7 to 1.0 psi per foot of depth.14,15,16,17 Bernard has reported that more than 300 gas reservoirs have been discovered in the offshore Gulf Coast alone,…
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Gas Reservoirs as Storage Reservoirs
The demand for natural gas is seasonal. During winter months, there is a much greater demand for natural gas than during the warmer summer months. To meet this variable demand, several means of storing natural gas are used in the industry. One of the best methods of storing natural gas is with the use of…
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The Gas Equivalent of Produced Condensate and Water
In the study of gas reservoirs in the preceding section, it was implicitly assumed that the fluid in the reservoir at all pressures as well as on the surface was in a single (gas) phase. Most gas reservoirs, however, produce some hydrocarbon liquid, commonly called condensate, in the range of a few to a hundred or more…
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Material Balance in Water-Drive Gas Reservoirs
In water-drive reservoirs, the relation between Gp and p/z is not linear, as can be seen by an inspection of Eqs. (4.13) and (4.16). Because of the water influx, the pressure drops less rapidly with production than under volumetric control, as shown in the upper curve of Fig. 4.2. Consequently, the extrapolation technique described for volumetric reservoirs is not applicable.…
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Calculating Gas in Place Using Material Balance
In the previous sections, the initial gas in place was calculated on a unit basis of 1 ac-ft of bulk productive rock, given information on the porosity and connate water. To calculate the initial gas in place on any particular portion of a reservoir, it is necessary to know, in addition, the bulk volume of…
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Calculating Unit Recovery from Volumetric Gas Reservoirs
In many gas reservoirs, particularly during the development period, the bulk volume is not known. In this case, it is better to place the reservoir calculations on a unit basis, usually 1 ac-ft of bulk reservoir rock. This one unit, or 1 ac-ft, of bulk reservoir rock contains Connate water: 43,560 × φ × Sw ft3 Reservoir gas volume:…