Author: Haroon Khalil

CNC part programming may be accomplished in different ways, such as Manual Part Programming: Manual part programming is the oldest method and still quite popular. This technique requires the programmer to examine a part drawing then ‘manually’ calculate all tool paths. This information is recorded on a manuscript. A punched tape is prepared from the manuscript.…

The appearance of CNC system is very similar to NC system but the way of using the program is different. In a conventional NC system, the punched tape is cycled through the tape reader for each work part in the batch. The machine control unit reads in a block of instructions on the tape executing…

Numerical control can be defined as a form of programmable automation in which the machining process is controlled by numbers, letters, and symbols. NC technology has been applied for a wide variety of operations but principal application is in machining operations. An operational NC system consists of the following three basic components: The program of…

CAM is mainly used for manufacturing planning and control. In manufacturing planning computer is used indirectly to provide information for the effective planning and management of production activities. The computer is used for the following planning activities: Manufacturing control is concerned with managing and controlling the physical operations in the factory to implement the manufacturing…

CAD can be defined as any design activity that involves the effective use of computer to create, modify, and document an engineering design. There are four phases of CAD: The first phase is geometric modelling. It is concerned with mathematical description of the geometry of an object. The mathematical description called a model is contained…

CAD/CAM involves the use of the computer to accomplish certain functions in design and manufacturing. CAD is concerned with the use of the computer to support the design engineering functions and CAM is concerned with the computer to support manufacturing engineering functions. The combination of CAD and CAM in the symbolic form is represented as…

In a computer integrated manufacturing system, all the manufacturing and business functions are integrated through computer networking. Manufacturing functions include CAD/CAM and business functions include all other activities in the organization like demand management, material management, purchasing, sales, marketing, etc.

Two types of labours are involved in a manufacturing system: direct labours and indirect labours. Direct labours perform some or all of the value-added work that is accomplished on the job. They directly add to the value to the job by performing manual work on it or by controlling the machines that perform the work.…

A computer system is required to control the functions of the machines and to participate in the overall coordination and management of the manufacturing system. The objectives of a computer system are to give instructions to workers, transform part programs to machine language, control material handling system, schedule production, monitor safety measures, control the quality…