Author: Haroon Khalil

For a good yield, prevention of weeds is one of the major tasks. Weed detection and prevention is difficult to discriminate from crops, so machine learning using sensors is used. This technique leads to precise detection and prevention of weeds with less expenditure and also it does not harm the environment.

Pest and disease control is one of the main problems in today’s agriculture. One of the methods to control diseases and pests is to uniformly spray the pesticides over the crops, which requires high efficiency but is not economical, and it also poses the risk of side effects such as ground water contamination and adverse…

There are many factors through which a farmer can get optimum results in agriculture. One of these factors is to predict the yield of crop. This factor includes the fertility of soil, irrigation process, climate conditions and controlling of pests. If the farmer does not follow these four factors correctly during farming, there is a…

Some of the applications used in agriculture sectors are

Principle component analysis converts correlated variables into uncorrelated variables using orthogonal transformation in a statistical procedure. Principle component analysis is used to study the interrelation between a set of variables. This algorithm is used to consider a large dataset of interconnected variables and chooses the set which best suits a model. This type of concentration…

Clustering is dividing data into groups such that every group has similar data. It is basically a collection of data on the basis of similarities and dissimilarities between them. Clustering is important since it regulates the essential grouping among the unlabelled data. Where there is no measure for good clustering, it depends on in what…

Artificial neural network (ANN) is formed using a large number of elements known as neurons, where each neuron takes simple decisions and passes those decisions to other neurons. All the neurons are interconnected to each other, where the interconnection between these neurons is known as network function. A shallow neural network has three layers: input…

As the machine learning is growing day by day, many authors are using various algorithms of machine learning to solve complex problems. Machine learning is the current research field in which a lot of research is being conducted. Figure 1.6 Some of them are briefly explained.

In reinforcement learning the agent has the ability to interact with the environment and find a better output. For this, it follows hit and trail formulae. This learning is used when there is no proper way to perform a task, but model needs to follow some strict rules to perform its duty. In this type…