Author: Haroon Khalil
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Stage 4. Inventing statistics
Later 18th to early 20th century primary era There are some factual strategies that are more than two centuries old, for example, the likelihood hypothesis started in the 17th century. Presently, we think that it came out in the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth century. Karl Pearson presented the item minute relationship coefficient, and John Galton…
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Stage 3. Applying math to nature
Revitalization primary era Throughout long stretches of written history, people became cautious onlookers of numerous sorts of naturals designs, particularly the examples of the heavenly bodies. Through sheer observation, a few specialists had the option to foresee the movements of the stars and planets with incredible exactitude. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) wrote the Revolutions of the Heavenly…
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Stage 2. Scrutinizing symbols
Classical to medieval primary era The procedure called “sortilege” or “cleromancy” includes anticipating the future from sticks, beans or different things drawn indiscriminately from an assortment. Such practices appear since the beginning in a wide range of societies, from Judeo-Christian customs (throwing dice on different places in the Bible) to the Chinese convention of the…
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Details of forecasting stages
Stage 1. Interrogating nature Prehistoric to classical primary era During prehistoric times, humans started hunting and looking around themselves. They thought about the requirement of the materials for the future and tried to fulfil these requirements. Humans considered how the birds are flying. Early people followed the practices, for example, of divination of watching the…
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Stages of forecast
In previous paragraphs, an idea for the necessity of forecasting in different sectors was discussed. Now we should understand the different stages of predictive analysis and forecasting. These stages are represented in the flow chart (Figure 5.2). According to the given stages, all stages can be linked with a primary era in the following way…
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Where can we use forecasting?
Forecasting can be done in many areas for future requirements. But the question is if forecasting is not able to change the present, then will it be of use in future. Forecasting is used in different areas for different situations, some areas where forecasting is done are given in Figure 5.1. Thus, it is no big…
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Introduction
People have consistently been extraordinary anticipators, due to the necessity of bread and butter from the beginning. Humans have predominant physical qualities, and they are keen observers. In any situation, we all homo sapiens are the extraordinary organizers, a feature that has given us points of interest for the field of forecasting. For various reasons…
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Conclusion
Introduction of ML in agriculture applications and BIOA applicable in ML. Classification plays an important role in ML and deep learning. While working with huge data, there is a need of optimization. The motivated and gave guidelines to the readers to apply BIOAs in ML to solve various optimization problems
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INTELLIGENT WATER DROPS ALGORITHM
Hamed Shah Hosseini proposed intelligent water drops (IWD) algorithm in 2007. It is a revolutionary approach focused on population. It is enthused by the natural river system processes which constitute the actions that occur between flow of river water and the environmental changes in which the river flows. It has two important properties: The environment…
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BACTERIAL FORAGING OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM
The bacterial foraging optimization algorithm was proposed in 2002 by Passino. This algorithm comprises mainly three mechanisms called chemo taxis, reproduction and elimination–dispersal. Bacteria get together in the nutrient-rich areas in an unstructured manner called chemo taxis. In reproduction, superlative personalized bacteria survive and spread their genetic characteristics to next population. Some part of bacteria…