Business Management

Author: Haroon Khalil

  • COMPONENTS OF BUILDING

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Modular Co-ordination For prefab construction and for the precast elements, modular co-ordination has to be followed. In this case, some basic module has to be adopted for general application to buildings and their components. The value of the basic module chosen is 100 mm for maximum flexibility and convenience. The symbol used for the basic…

  • Disadvantages

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    Haroon Khalil
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    There are certain aspects that discourage the use of precast concrete units under the following conditions:

  • Advantages

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Precast concrete has several advantages over cast-in-situ concrete:

  • PREFABRICATION IN CONSTRUCTION

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Prefabrication is most suitable for large-scale housing programmes. Prefabrication technique is used as a cost-effective measure. As the components of any structure can be manufactured under controlled conditions, there is vast improvement in quality. It helps to use the locally available materials with required characteristics. The speed of construction is generally fast compared to cast-in-situ…

  • INTRODUCTION

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    Haroon Khalil
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    The term cast-in-situ concrete is applied to concrete members which are cast or poured in forms that are set up at the final position of the structure. In contrast, the term precast concrete is applied to individual concrete members of various shapes, which are designed to fit in a part of a whole structure, which…

  • SELECTION OF MORTAR FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Selection of mortar for particular civil engineering purposes are tabulated in Table 7.2. Table 7.2 Selection of mortar for different purposes

  • Preparation of Lime–Cement Mortar

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    Haroon Khalil
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    In this case, it should be ensured that the lime is slaked well. Then the lime is mixed with sand and ground well to form an intimate mixture. Water is then added and mixed well to form a regular lime mortar. The lime mortar is transferred to a mechanical mixer to which the required cement…

  • Preparation of Cement Mortar

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Cement mortar is mixed by hand for small construction purposes, while large quantities of cement mortar may be mixed by a machine. 1. Hand Mixing Sand is measured in boxes, and the specified quantity of sand is spread first. Cement is measured by the weight of bags or by considering the volume of 0.035 m3.…

  • Preparation of Lime Mortar

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Ordinary lime mortar and plaster are made by grinding lime with sand. There are three methods of preparing lime mortar. In the first method, a dry mixture of lime and sand are placed in a trough or on a platform in the specified proportion. The required quantity of water is sprinkled over the mixture in…

  • PREPARATION OF MORTARS

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Preparation of lime mortar and cement mortar have different procedures, which are discussed in subsequent paragraphs.