Author: Haroon Khalil
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LOAD-BEARING WALLS
In general, masonry used for exterior walls, central main walls and some cross walls in a building are of load-bearing walls. These walls should have adequate thickness such that it will sustain a slight eccentricity in loading. The mortar used for such walls should give adequate bonding to hold the structure even when there is…
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INTRODUCTION
A wall is a vertical member with width greater than four times its thickness. If this condition is not satisfied it is a column. Based on functional aspects, walls may be classified under the following two broad groups: The masonry types explained may be used for load-bearing structures and as separators or partitioners.
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Reinforced Brick Masonry Slab
Floor slabs of brickwork with reinforcement is also done. The conventional centring is made. The centring is covered with earth for a depth of about 20–25 mm and well compacted and sand sprinkled on the top. Figure 16.14 Reinforcement in brick masonry lintels Then the reinforcement is placed in the correct direction. The bricks are laid…
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Reinforced Brick Masonry Lintel
In lintels, bars are provided longitudinally in between the vertical joints and extending from joint to joint. Further, to resist the vertical shear, additional 6 mm diameter steel stirrups may be used (Fig. 16.14).
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Reinforced Brick Masonry Columns
These columns are made with special-purpose bricks and vertical bars running through them. In order to keep the bars in position and to strengthen the brickwork, steel plates of 6 mm thick are introduced. Bent bars of small diameters of about 12 mm can be used in the horizontal joints (Fig. 16.13). Figure 16.13 Reinforcement of…
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Reinforced Brick Masonry Walls
Here the reinforcement may be iron base or expanded metal mash provided at every third or fourth course. Flat bars of section about 25 mm × 2 mm may be used as hoop iron reinforcement for walls. They are hooked at corners and junctions. In order to increase the resistance against rusting, the bars are…
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REINFORCED BRICK MASONRY
Ordinary brick masonry can not take tensile stresses as the mortar joints separate out and the bricks pulled out. In order to increase the load-carrying capacity, in particular tensile stresses, of ordinary brick masonry steel reinforcement is introduced in between mortar joints. This type of construction can withstand tensile and shear stresses for moderate loading.…
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Compound Walls in Hollow Block
Compound walls are nowadays preferred to be of unplastered concrete blockwork. The construction is cheap and no maintenance is needed. There are many variations in the construction of these walls. The convenient method is to install under-reamed or cast-in-situ piles at stipulated intervals (of 3–4 m) with grade beam on top of the piles and…
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Special Features of Concrete Block Masonry
The important features to be incorporated, compared to regular brick masonry, are control joints, band beams and joint reinforcements. These factors are to be provided failing which the block masonry is bound to result in random cracking due to shrinkage and moisture movements. These factors are discussed below. 1. Control Joints Concrete has higher coefficient…
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Reinforced Concrete Hollow Block Masonry
In the conventional hollow block masonry, the vertical holes may be made to accommodate steel reinforcement and can thus be made of reinforced concrete construction. Similarly special concrete blocks can be made to accommodate horizontal reinforcements. Such a horizontally reinforced hollow block can be used as lintels and horizontally strengthened reinforced concrete bonds can be…