Author: Haroon Khalil

In this type, the shutters are made to rotate about a pivot which may be fixed to the window frame. The windows can rotate vertically or horizontally based on the position of the pivot.

Here the shutter is hinged to the bottom of the frame such that it can be moved inside.

The shutter is hinged at the top and can be moved outside.

In this type, the shutters open inside a building.

In this type, the shutters open outside of a building.

In this type, the framework is fitted with a glass and the framework can not move.

Windows have different types of movements of shutters which are discussed below (Fig. 20.12). Figure 20.12 Type of window shutter movements

Windows made of materials as that of doors and fixed to the wall openings for admission of light, free circulation of air, etc. They comprise of a frame which is fitted in the opening in the wall and small shutter frames containing glass, wood, etc., are attached to the frame by hinges. Window shutters have…

Based on the type of materials, positioning of different components, method of construction, intended purposes, etc., the common types of floors used in the building are discussed below. 1. Ledged Doors A ledged door is formed by joining the vertical boards (battens) and horizontal supports (ledges) securely by suitable joints (Fig. 20.2). The battens are…

Wood, metals and concrete are used for door frames where plywood and glass are used for door shutters/panels. 1. Wood Wood is used in several forms for the construction of doors. As wood is largely available in India, it is mostly used in India. Doors may be made of solid planks or built up of…