Author: Haroon Khalil

Terrazo is a special type of concrete flooring containing marble chips as aggregates. Any designed colour and designs can be obtained by using marble chips of different shades and colour cement. Terrazo mix of 1: 2 or 1: 3 (1 cement to 2–3 marble chips) is used depending on the size of marble chips. Terrazo…

It is a concrete flooring with a different type of floor finish called granolithic. Granolithic finish is a concrete made of special selected aggregate. The thickness of layer varies from 1.25 to 4 cm. When it is greater than 4 cm this may be laid monolithically or after the base concrete has hardened. This flooring…

Concrete floorings are mostly used in all residential, commercial and public buildings. The flooring is constructed adopting either monolithic or non-monolithic construction. In the monolithic construction, after laying the base course layer, immediately a concrete topping is provided. In this type of construction, only a small thickness is needed for wearing surface as the bond…

This type of flooring is used in case of warehouses, stores and godowns. This is a cheap construction and used in areas when stones are not available but good quality bricks are available. This flooring may be laid flat or on edge. They may be arranged in herring bone pattern or at right angles to…

Usual sizes of stones of 30 cm × 30 cm, 45 cm × 45 cm or 60 cm × 60 cm with a thickness of 2–4 cm are used. Generally square stone slabs of the above sizes are used but the slabs can be of rectangular or oblong in shape with square edges. Stone slabs…

As the ground floor directly rests on the ground, there is no need for a sub-floor. In order to drain the water outside completely, adequate drainage arrangements have to be made beneath the floor. In normal practice, the space above the ground, up to a height of about 25–30 cm below the plinth level, called…

It is not a routine type of floor provided in every building. It is provided for a particular type of buildings like apartments, hotels and restaurants, cinema halls, etc. Selection of basement floors depends on the following factors:

Selection of a suitable type of construction for upper floors of a building depends on the following main factors:

For ground floors, the selection of the type of the wearing surface is important and the other factors which need consideration are given below:

In order to select a suitable type of floor construction in a building, certain factors have to be considered. Although certain points may be common for ground, upper and basement floors, some distinct different points are to be observed in certain cases.