Business Management

Author: Haroon Khalil

  • TYPES OF ROOFS

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Roofs may be grouped under two major categories, viz., sloping or pitched roofs and flat roofs. Slope or pitched roofs are those which have the surfaces with considerable slope for covering the building structure. The modern construction like shells may also be grouped under this category. A roof which is nearly flat is known as…

  • REQUIREMENTS OF A ROOF

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    Haroon Khalil
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    A roof is provided to satisfy the following basic requirements:

  • INTRODUCTION

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Roof is the upper most part of a building which is constructed on structural members and provided with a covering material. The sole aim of roof is to enclose the space securely and protect the building and the occupants from atmospheric effects like sun, wind, rain, snow, etc. A roof is as important as that…

  • Fixing of Rolling Shutters

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Rolling shutter consists of mild steel laths, 1.21 mm thick and 80 mm wide or as specified. The laths are machine rolled continuous strip with interlocking facility through the entire length. Such combined laths form a shutter. The shutter is supported by means of spring barrel which in turn is supported by cast iron or…

  • MISCELLANEOUS STEEL WORKS

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Apart from various application of steel work for building construction, they are also used in buildings for minor works which are explained below. 1 Fixing of Steel in Wooden Frames Round or square bars with flats or grills with certain design are fixed to the windows or ventilators for safety. These materials are basically of…

  • ERECTION OF STEEL WORKS

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Structural steel work is erected with the use of derricks, slings, guys, cranes, etc. The erection is done based on the drawings and keeping the verticality of the columns and fixing other members and parts of steel structure. During erection the steel work should be temporarily braced till the final stage is reached to allow…

  • FABRICATION OF STEEL WORKS

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Preparation of steel work for erection is called as fabrication. It includes all works necessary to layout, cut, drill, rivet or weld the steel sections. The fabrication has to be properly planned such that the work at the site of erection should be reduced as much as possible. Thus most of the work is carried…

  • Steel Columns

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Steel columns of simple type comprises of a single RSJ or a RSJ with two flange plates (Fig. 24.13). Compound columns may be made by riveting together two or three RSJs (Fig. 24.14). Other forms of compound columns commonly used are a combination of RSJs and channels or two angles, channels with flange plates or…

  • Steel Beams

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Steel beams include girders, lintels, etc. The simplest form of steel beam would be a single RSJ or an angle section for carrying small loads. In case of large loads, compounds ( built-up) sections are used. Compound beams comprise of two or more single RSJs connected together through bolts and separated suitably with separators which…

  • Steel Trusses

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    Haroon Khalil
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    Various types of steel roof trusses are shown in Fig. 24.7(a–e) and 24.8(a–d). Steel roof trusses are designed in such a way that the members are either in compression or in tension only. Members of a truss which form the roof base depends upon the span, roof slope, covering materials, centre to centre of trusses,…