Petroleum Petroleum means ‘rock oil’, as it is found underground in porous rocks. It is often used synonymously for ‘crude oil’, ‘crude petroleum‘ or simply ‘oil’. Petroleum is a dark coloured liquid with the potential to release energy to generate heat through combustion and is the source of a wide range of industrial liquid fuels… Continue reading LIQUID FUELS
Month: December 2022
Sulphur Content
It ranges from 0.5 to 0.8%. Sulphur affects clinkering and slagging tendencies, corrodes chimney and other equipments such as air heaters and economizers, and limits exit flue gas temperature.
Proximate Analysis
Proximate analysis indicates the percentage by weight of the fixed carbon, volatiles, ash, and moisture content in coal. The amounts of fixed carbon and volatile combustible matter directly contribute to the heating value of coal. Fixed carbon acts as a main heat generator. High volatile matter content indicates easy ignition of fuel. The ash content… Continue reading Proximate Analysis
Analysis of Coal
There are two methods for coal analysis—ultimate and proximate analysis. The ultimate analysis determines all solid or gaseous coal components, and the proximate analysis determines only the percentage of carbon, volatile matter, moisture, and ash.
Analysis of Coal
There are two methods for coal analysis—ultimate and proximate analysis. The ultimate analysis determines all solid or gaseous coal components, and the proximate analysis determines only the percentage of carbon, volatile matter, moisture, and ash.
INTRODUCTION
Any material that can be burned to release thermal energy is called a fuel. Most familiar fuels consist primarily of hydrogen and carbon, called hydrocarbon fuels. Hydrocarbon fuels exist in all phases; some examples are coal, gasoline, and natural gas. Fuels are the materials which ignite in presence of oxygen and produce heat. The heat… Continue reading INTRODUCTION
The Combined Gas Law
We have three different relationships among temperature, volume, and pressure of a gas; these are as follows: Boyle’s Law: PV = k at constant temperature. Charle’s Law: at constant pressure. Gay–Lussac’s Law: at constant volume. These three gas laws can be combined in one combined gas law. This law can be expressed as Example 1.28: A sample of a gas has a… Continue reading The Combined Gas Law
Gay–Lussac’s Law
Pressure of a confined gas increases with increasing temperature. If the temperature of the gas increases enough, the container can explode because of the pressure that builds up inside of it. The relationship between the pressure and temperature of a gas is described by Gay–Lussac’s law. ‘Gay–Lussac’s law states that the pressure of a sample… Continue reading Gay–Lussac’s Law
Charles’s Law
vJacques Charles carried out experiments on ideal gas and observed a relationship between the absolute temperature and volume of gases at constant pressure. Volume of the gas increases with increase in temperature and decreases with decrease in temperature. The Charle’s law can be stated as: ‘that the volume of a sample of gas is directly… Continue reading Charles’s Law
Boyle’s Law
Robert Boyle, a British chemist gave the first gas law, now known as Boyle’s law. This law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a sample of gas confined in a container. Boyle observed that when the pressure on an ideal gas is increased volume decreases. Similarly, when pressure is released the volume… Continue reading Boyle’s Law